ENGLISH GRAMMR MADE EASY

Do does has have is am Helping Verbs: Do, Does, Has, Have, Is, Am

Helping Verbs in English

1. DO / DOES

Used in Present Simple Tense (for questions and negatives)

Subject	Verb	Example
I / You / We / They	do	Do you play cricket?
He / She / It / Name	does	Does he like tea?

2. HAS / HAVE

Used to show possession or in Present Perfect Tense

Subject	Verb	Example
I / You / We / They	have	We have a new car.
He / She / It / Name	has	She has two cats.

3. IS / AM

Forms of "be" verb used in Present Tense (for state or continuous actions)

Subject	Verb	Example
I	am	I am happy.
He / She / It / Name	is	He is reading a book.

CONCEPT ( development of human relations and human resources ) Subject and Predicate

📘 Subject and Predicate

🔹 What is a Subject?

The Subject tells who or what the sentence is about.

The cat sleeps under the table.
👉 Subject: The cat

🔸 What is a Predicate?

The Predicate tells what the subject does or is. It includes the verb and the rest of the sentence.

The cat sleeps under the table.
👉 Predicate: sleeps under the table

📝 More Examples:

Ravi plays cricket.
👉 Subject: Ravi
👉 Predicate: plays cricket

The birds are flying in the sky.
👉 Subject: The birds
👉 Predicate: are flying in the sky

I am learning English.
👉 Subject: I
👉 Predicate: am learning English

ENGLISH GRAMMR MADE EASY

Singular and Plural Nouns

📘 Singular and Plural Nouns

Singular noun refers to one person, place, thing, or idea.

Plural noun refers to more than one.

✅ Rules for Making Plurals:

• 1️⃣ Add -s to most words → book → books
• 2️⃣ Add -es to words ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z → box → boxes
• 3️⃣ Change -y to -ies (if a consonant before 'y') → baby → babies
• 4️⃣ Words ending in -f or -fe → change to -ves → knife → knives
• 5️⃣ Irregular plurals → man → men

🔹 10 Singular and Plural Examples:

Cat
Cats

Dog
Dogs

Box
Boxes

Bus
Buses

Baby
Babies

Leaf
Leaves

Man
Men

Woman
Women

Tooth
Teeth

Child
Children

CONCEPT ( development of human relations and human resources )

ENGLISH GRAMMR MADE EASY

Active Voice – Passive Voice

📘 Active Voice – Passive Voice Grammar

1. Active Voice అంటే ఏమిటి?

👉 Subject (కర్త) action (క్రియ) ని చేస్తాడు.

Active: Ram eats an apple.
(ఇక్కడ Ram action చేసే వాడు → apple తినేవాడు)

2. Passive Voice అంటే ఏమిటి?

👉 Subject పై action జరుగుతుంది.

Passive: An apple is eaten by Ram.
(ఇక్కడ apple action ను పొందుతుంది)

3. Active → Passive మార్చే విధానం

1. Object → Subject అవుతుంది.
2. Verb రూపం → be form + past participle (V3) అవుతుంది.
3. Subject → by + subject గా వస్తుంది.

4. Tense-wise Examples

✅ Present Simple
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.

✅ Past Simple
Active: He sold the car.
Passive: The car was sold by him.

✅ Future Simple
Active: They will build a house.
Passive: A house will be built by them.

✅ Present Continuous
Active: She is reading a book.
Passive: A book is being read by her.

✅ Past Continuous
Active: He was driving the car.
Passive: The car was being driven by him.

✅ Present Perfect
Active: They have completed the work.
Passive: The work has been completed by them.

✅ Past Perfect
Active: She had finished the homework.
Passive: The homework had been finished by her.

5. ముఖ్యమైన పాయింట్లు

✔ Passive voice ఎక్కువగా ఉపయోగించే సందర్భాలు:

1. Action మీద దృష్టి పెట్టాలనుకున్నప్పుడు
2. Doer (కర్త) ముఖ్యంకాకపోయినప్పుడు

Active: Someone stole my bag.
Passive: My bag was stolen.
(ఇక్కడ ఎవరు దొంగతనమేశారో ముఖ్యం కాదు)

CONCEPT ( development of human relations and human resources )